Demographic

|| 1. Shang dynasty = Hwang He – infanticide. 2. Zhou Dynasty = feudal system. 3. Qin: iron weapons 4. Han = paper, sundials, ox-plow. 5. Han Collapse: internal || 1. Trade spread disease, black plague. 2. Mongols facilitated trade. 3. Vietnam = Champa Rice. 4. Japan = isolated, 4 main islands. 5. Mongol tech: siege weapons = catapults, exploding balls. 6. Ming = extensive agriculture. 7. Tang/Song: junks, gunpowder, flying $, magnetic compass, sternpost rudders. || 1. Asia to Euro = yellow fever, malaria, small pox. 2. Malaysia + Indo + Sing = colonized. 3. Ming = brief exploration, but pull back = isolated. 4. Qing/Manchu Dynasty 5. Tokugawa Japan = united Japan, pop growth, rain grain production increase, urbanized, quality weapons. 6. Pop growth in China || 1. China = sweet potato. 2. Japan = improve in nutrition, medical care, strain in natural resources, industrialize, fewer people working in agriculture, national infrastructure. 3. China = opium trade. || 1. Korea = highest population density. 2. Jap = address pop increase through birth control & abortion. 3. Asia industrializes & mechanizes. 4. Nagasaki & Hiroshima = bombed. 5. Firebombings of Japanese cities. 6. Comfort women in Korea & SEA. 7. Mao = kill many people. 8. Great Leap Forward = collectivization. ||  || 1. Mediterranean 2. Greece = city-states, have slaves, Persian War, Peloponnesian War. 3. Roman Republic: geography: protected from northern invasion by land (Alps), conflict: Punic Wars – defeat in 3rd one open Medit to Rome. || 1. Growth of cities = pop increases. 2. Specialization of labor. 3. Dark Ages. 4. Feudalism – serfs = similar to slaves. 5. Few tech advances. 6. Vikings = raided Europe. || 1. Syphilis 2. Growth of urban pop. 3. China + Japan colonized. 4. Exploration, colonization, imperialism. 5. Port: colonize Goa, Malacca, Sri Lanka. 6. Spain = Columbus. 7. English fight wars with Spain for territory. 8. France = colonized India. 9. Dutch = Indonesia, Africa Cape Colony. 10. Extract natural resources. 11. Colonize Americas. 12. Spanish + Port = bring in African Slaves to Americas. 13. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Rev, enlightenment. || 1. Industrialization. 2. Famine = Ireland. 3. Push = poverty. 4. Urbanization. 5. Live expectancy rose – improve medicine, Louis Pastuer Germ theory. 6. Diet improve. 7. Cholera + TB. 8. Tenements = bad living conditions. 9. Major pollution. 10. Increase in pop = more food. 11. Enclosure movement = common area gone. 12. New sources of energy = steam, petroleum. 13. New materials = steel. 14. Interchangeable parts. 15. Steam locomotive. 16. Birth of middle class. || 1. Spanish Flu = Global epidemic. 2. Guest workers = labor shortages, seek workers from outside = low wages & discrimination. 3. WWII = total war, civilians as targets. 4. Blitzkrieg. 5. Poverty, shortage of food, clothing. 6. Holocaust. 7. Welfare systems, econ prosperity, scientific +tech = advance. 8. Emphasize consumerism. ||  || 4. Roman Empire: initially empire expands, large landowners use slaves, cities overcrowded = displaced small farms. 5. Reliance on slavery = tech fall behind. 6. Science: Pythagoras, Hippocrates: Father of medicine. 7. Movement of Huns+Germans – Great Age of Migrations. 8. Huns to Mongolia. 9. Germans = along Roman frontier. 10. Germanic peoples = defeat Rome. 11. Rome Collapse = internal + external. || 1. Byzantine 2. Coined $. 3. Between medit and Black Seas. 4. Rise of towns, enclosure of open fields. || 1.Trade with nomads of Central Asia. 2. Cossacks: recruited peasants. 3. Russia = isolated from West, pushed eastward. 4. Not part of Renaissance. 5. Catherine the Great = enforced serfdom. || 1. Emancipation of serfs = but still have to work on land to pay off, so not really free. 2. Not industrializing. 3. Not borrowing from West Euro = fairly isolated. || 1. Refugees = displaced during WWII. 2. Pull: Economy + politics = repressive. 3. WWI = destruction of eastern Euro empires. 4. Communism. 5. Political instability. 6. Russia lost Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland. ||  || 1. India: millet & barley. 2. Indus Civ. 3. India tech: pi, zero, Arabic # system. 4. Aryan Invaders = base class on race. 5. Hinduism = caste system. 6. Indus Collapse: external. || || 1. Mughal India = Gunpowder Empire = use weapons to maintain regional power. 2. Conflict between Hindus & Muslims. 3. Decline of power = vulnerable to outside influence. 4. Brit East India Company. || 1. India = learn western value. 2. Colonized. 3. India: Brits = build roads & canals, urbanization increased. 4. Paving path toward independence = Indian National Congress. || 1. India & Pakistan = split = 1000’s pep displaced. 2. Arab-Israeli War = hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. 3. India Green Movement. 4. Migration from South Asia to Arab oil-producing nations. ||  || 1. Maize, beans, squash. 2. Mesoamerica + Andean South America = slavery. || 1. Aztecs = tribute empire = sacrifice people. 2. Maya, Aztecs, Incas = agricultural societies, peasants + slaves. 3. Maya: Pyramids, cotton + maize, ridged field system. 4. Aztec: Pyramids, Chinampas, maize & beans, large urban capital. 5. Inca: communication through roads, terrace farming, animal husbandry. || 1. Measles. 2. Monoculture. 3. Domestication of animals. 4. Exploitation of natural resources. 5. Columbian exchange. 6. Pop increase. 7. Horses = new method of labor. 8. Encomienda system = Am Feudalism. 9. Food: squash, beans, corn, potatoes, cacao = population growth. 10. Euro disease kill Ams. 11. Huge Estates = Haciendas. || 1. Colonized = used as slaves. 2. Monoculture = destroy land. 3. Boundary = total disregard for societies that existed before. || 1. Massive Urbanization. 2. Bad living + working conditions. 3. Import Substitution. 4. Immigration w/in and to US – legal & illegal. 5. Pep live in shantytowns. 6. Settlements incorporated into city. 7. Migration for employment. 8. Urbanized peasants = no access to industry. ||  || 1. Mesopotamia || 1. Arabs = captured slaves & force into bondage. 2. Trade with Africa – Swahili Coast. || 1. Abbasid Caliphate = lose power. 2. Gunpowder empires: ottoman, safavid. 3. Influence Ren in Euro = go back to ideas of Greek and Romans. || 1. Ottoman Empire = Middle Eastern Question. 2. Want to keep stable or else will be chaos. 3. Balkan Crisis. 4. Egypt + North Africa taken from Ottoman Empire. || 1. Forced migration due to Peace of Paris – Turks to Turkey. 2. Pop increase. 3. Ethnic divisions. 4. Military coups. 5. Pop explosion. 6. Poverty. 7. Lack of fresh water. ||  || 1. East Africa = 1st to migrate = search for food. 2. Green Sahara = dries up, seeds to forests. 3. Plantains, beans, squash. 4. Egypt = Nile River. || 1. Bantu Migration – change pop from hunter-gatherer to agricultural based. 2. Farming + pastoralism, follow Congo river, spread knowledge of iron-working. || 1. Atlantic slave trade = slaves taken from Africa = deplete population. 2. Triangular Slave Trade – slaves from Af in Middle Passage = many died, Euro give guns to Af. 3. Euro & Africa in Columbian exchange= horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, sugar cane. 4. Africans = separated from families. || 1. Islamic states of West Africa = keeps slaves. 2. End of Atlantic Slave Trade, but 2 mill still traded. 3. Loss of pop from trade. 4. Intro of guns = increase likelihood of inter-tribal war. 5. Sierra Leone + Liberia = safe haven for slaves. 6. Cotton gin = need more slaves to work. 7. Scramble for Africa. || 1. Legacies of colonization. 2. Civil wars between ethnic groups. 3. Population explosion. 4. Low per capita income. 5. Lack on capital for infrastructure. 6. Urbanization. 7. Huge debtloads. ||  ||  1. Ice Age = big game gone & usable land. 2. Alter skin color & Race type 3. Environ = more suitable for growing crops so settle down. 4. Diet better 5. 3 classical emps: pep live closely now & settle next to rivers. 6. Milder conditions, warmer temps, higher ocean levels. 7. Foraging vs. Pastoral societies 8. Foraging = disease, famine, natural disasters, no permanent shelters, limit on how much land can feed 9. Pastoral: domesticate animals, mountain regions, insufficient rainfall, small scale agri. 10. Migratory vs. slash and burn. 11. Irrigation 12. Fermentation of alcoholic beverages. 13. Create cities 14. Land = reconfigured to fit needs of humans – divert water, clear land for farming, roads built, build monuments. 15. Religious diffusion. || 1. Atlantic Slave Trade. 2. Crusades = huge migration of people. 3. Urban growth. || 1. Rise of nation states = rivalry between nations for territory. 2. World Trade. 3. Columbian exchange – disease = unintended part = bubonic plague. 4. Growth of urban population == famine, enclosure movements. || 1. Industrialization. 2. End of Atlantic Slave trade. 3. Colonization. 4. Asians + Africans = provide labor. 5. New Birth rate patterns in Western Euro. 6. Raw materials = depleting. 7. Increased pollution. || 1. Immigration. 2. Threat to environment = deforestation. 3. Global warming. 4. Warfare: WWI WWII – people=homeless, chemical warfare. 5. Terrorism. 6. NGOs – Green Peace & WWF. 7. Communication revolution = world closer together. 8. Dictatorial regimes = killed many people. 9. Separation of ethnic groups. 10. Cold War: World = divided between US & USSR. 11. Globalization: relocation to new cities/countries, find cheapest labor, lower wages, sudden unemployment. 12. Xenaphobia. ||
 * **DEMOGRAPHIC** || 8000 – 600 CE || 600 – 1450 CE || 1450-1750 CE || 1750 – 1914 CE || 1914 - Present ||
 * East Asia
 * Western Europe
 * Eastern Europe
 * South Asia
 * Latin America
 * Middle East
 * Africa
 * Major Themes/Turning Points **
 * Major Themes/Turning Points **
 * Applies to all: **