Changes+in+global+commerce,+communications,+and+technology

Table Of Contents


 * 1) Changes and Continuities in World Trade Patterns
 * 2) Industrialization Impact on Industrial and Scientific Developments
 * 3) Demographic Changes
 * 4) The Emergence of a New Working Group
 * 5) Women's Roles
 * 6) Did Culture Effect the Changes of the Era?
 * 7) Sources

 a. Changes and Continuities in World Trade Patterns

 ·  In the beginning of this era, Europe was beginning to play a bigger role in World trade, but China was still dominant at this point.  ·  Europe was starting to colonize other parts of the world  Ø  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Britain in eastern coast of what is now the U.S., and what it today India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Spain in S.W. U.S., Mexico, Latin and South America, and the Caribbean <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Portugal in Africa and S.E. Asia (at first) <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Netherlands in S.E. Asia (later) <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">France in Canada, American Midwest (Louisiana), and Haiti <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">·  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Europe colonized in order to ascertain new goods and more raw materials not readily available, to market them in other countries, and to find new markets for their goods. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">·  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">Eventually, China is overtaken by European powers after the loss of the two Opium Wars. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">·  <span style="color: rgb(26, 92, 239);">By the end of the 19th century, Europe and the West completely dominate world trade, controlling markets across the world.



<span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(119, 176, 17);"> b. Industrialization’s Impact on Industrial and Scientific Developments

<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Because of Industrialization, industry and science were greatly changed. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">·  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Scientists were able to perform more experiments more readily and easily and new things were invented <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">New discoveries were made, such as the proton, electron, the structure of an atom, and the manufacturing of gasoline. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Einstein developed his famous theory of relativity <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">The steam engine, cotton gin, train, steam ship, internal combustion engine, car, and air plane were invented <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">The machine gun was introduced in late 19th century <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">·  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Because of the many new inventions, many aspects of industry were changed <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Locomotives and steam ships allowed goods to be transported much faster along wider spans of distance and allowed for up-river travel and fast intercontinental ocean travel. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Ø  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">Many factories were beginning to appear, along with horrendous working conditions and jobs. <span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">·  <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">As a result of Industrialization, any non-industrialized nation was subject to industrialized nation might. <span style="color: rgb(112, 18, 222);">

<span style="color: rgb(25, 148, 25); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Social and Gender effects of the Industrial Revolution

<span style="color: rgb(176, 39, 39);">The developments talked about above had a large impact on the societal institutions and gender roles from 1750 - 1915. These include women’s roles in society, demographic developments, and an inclusion of a new group of workers.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(27, 27, 197);"> Societal Changes

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">Demographic Changes<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">Farmers move to urban cities
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">When farming one needs as much free labor as one could get, but when farmers move to the cities children were just extra mouths to feed which is just extra money which means less births
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">As the families lived in poor housing conditions, many people died of disease and poor water quality
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">The decrease in births and increase in deaths became a set pattern for all industrializing nations at the time



<span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">The Emergence of a New Working Group

<span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);"> With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution there was an emergence of the middle class. The middle class consisted of those who worked in the factories.
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Increased opportunity for employment in factories
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Worked long hours
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Used machines
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Filthy conditions
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Child labor
 * <span style="color: rgb(109, 43, 227);">Everyone was put into one room which increased chances for the spread of disease



<span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(212, 146, 17);">How Gender Roles Changed

<span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Women's Roles

<span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);"> As the Industrial Revolution kicked off, many unmarried women worked in the mills.
 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Worked for a lower wage than men
 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Once they got married they were not to work
 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Grouped into one room
 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Worked long hours
 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 189, 205);">Were still expected to maintain the household

<span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(136, 181, 54);">Did culture effect the changes of the era?

<span style="color: rgb(153, 102, 102);"> Culture did effect the outcome of each region, but was restricted to its country.

<span style="color: rgb(22, 152, 59);"> Russia

<span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);">Russia did industrialize, but it was very condensed since it wanted to maintain its absolute monarchy. <span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);"> Other nations may have had very few differences such as the emergence of the middle class, but all-in-all many followed the same pattern as Russia.
 * <span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);">Very restricted so that factories could not take over
 * <span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);">Monarchy controlled the factories
 * <span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);">Had an abundant source of natural resources but did not use them
 * <span style="color: rgb(227, 49, 49);">Fully industrialized from 1929-1939 under Joseph Stalin

SOURCES


 * 1) Stearns
 * 2) Baron's Review Book
 * 3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia#Industrialization_and_collectivization
 * 4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
 * 5) The Genius of Alex Block and Udit Dhillon