East+Asia

East Asia

 sources: Princeton Review book
 * 3 powerful dynasties:
 * T'ang (618-907 C.E.)
 * Song (960-1279 C.E.)
 * Ming (13681644 C.E.)
 * influence throughout east and southeast Asia
 * Korea, Vietnam, and Cambodia
 * **[|T'ang] Dynasty **
 * Under Emperor Xuanzong
 * Expanded to Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, and Korea
 * 907, empire became too big --> local warlords gained more power --> T'ang dynasty collapsed
 * period of era of restlessness followed
 * **[|Song] Dynasty **
 * After collapse of T'ang, China reunited under Song
 * Emperor Taizu
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">fell to Jurchen and Mongols
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">1227, Mongol established the //<span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Yuan Dynasty. //
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">1368, Mongol driven back from China and **<span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">[|Ming] Dynasty **<span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> was established
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">power of the dynasties based on trade and expansion --> developed an urban base to pursue their economic and political strategies.
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Tang: based on military garrisons along the cental Asian trade routes and their capital at Chang'an (today Xi'an)
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Silk Road
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">this city was the center of the tribute system
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Vietnam, Korea, Tibet, and other Asian tribes acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor and send ambassadors to this city with gifts
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Chinese influence on Japan
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Prince Shotoku --> bureaucratic and legal reforms --> Taika Reforms (645 C.E.)
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">in 19th century when Japan build its new capital it was based on Chinese Tang capital --> "Little China"
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Japanese rejected Confucianism and civil service exam...Why? both systems held the educated in high esteem, and in Japan, education wasn't as important as in China because noble classes were hereditary and not earned.
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Chinese influence on Vietnam
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">military campaigns --> cultural exchange
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">less willing to accept the tribute relationship with the post power neighbor China -->resisted Tang armies
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">later, tribute established
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Confucian education accepted
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">trade ^
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">after the fall of Tang, the Veits would maintain their independence from China
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Chinese influence on Korea
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">military campaigns --> cultural exchange
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">vassal state of Tang...Why? to maintain the appearance of warm relationship with the most powerful neighbors
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">gift-giving and exchanges --> imperial court and schools like in China
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">bureaucracy based on merit
 * <span style="color: rgb(23,69,151); font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">spread of Confucianism and Buddhism