How+did+cities+revive?

 1. Byzantine Empire (Byz)  a)  Continued to thrive while HRE declined  b)   High volume of long-distance trades; exported silk and cloth, carpets, spices  c)  Less pressure from invaders  d)   Hub of numerous trade routes and a center of art and architecture  e)  Preserved Greco-roman culture  f)   Continued to bring Indian and Chinese goods and cultural trends to Eastern Europe  g)  Political achievements <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  i.   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Justinian’s Code- it reduced confusion and united and organized the new empire, paralleling the state’s bureaucracy. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  ii.   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Similar to earlier patterns in China <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> h)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Artistic achievements <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> i.   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Cultural life centered on secular traditions of Hellenism <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> ii. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Roman domed buildings <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> iii. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Richly colored religious mosaics <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> iv. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Icons <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> v.   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Colors: blue and gold <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> vi. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Spread of Cyrillic alphabet by Cyril and Methodius who traveled to Czech and Slovak republics <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> vii. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Russia adapted Orthodox Christianity when Prince Vladimir I converted in the late 900s C.E. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> i)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Territorial Achievement <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  i.   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Temporally gained Italy, Northern Africa and a part of Southern Spain

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 2. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Holy Roman Empire (HRE) <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> a)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">After decline it was increasingly fragmented into self-sufficient estates and tiny Germanic Kingdoms <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> b)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">At first trade and learning declined <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> c)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Manorialism and Feudalism rose <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> d)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Advancement in agricultural technology <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"> à  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> moldboard and three-field system <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> e)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Franks converted to Christianity in fifth century <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> f)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">At battle of Tours in 732, Charles Martel defeats Muslims and stops Muslim expansion farther into Europe <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> g)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Charlemagne became emperor of the HRE <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> h)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">During the Middle Ages the HRE delayed unifications of both Germany and Italy into separate states until the end of the nineteenth century <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> i)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In England, William the Conqueror, who came from Normandy, France, conquered the Saxons in 1066 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"> à  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> imposed feudal structure <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> j)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Parliament began to emerge with the Magna Carta in 1215 in England then in Spain, France, Scandinavia, and parts of Germany <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> k)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Signs of renewed economy in ninth century such as with military effectiveness and the introduction of the stirrup from Central Asia <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> l)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Viking raids ceased <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> m)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Palace schools in France were established <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> n)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The Crusades began in 1096 (under Pope Urban II) in the attempt to retake the Holy Land which failed when battling Sultan Saladin, but it reintroduced Greco-Roman culture back to Western Europe through contact with Muslims <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> o)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Religious Reforms: Franciscan Order <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> p)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">High Middle Ages: growing dynamism of populations, agriculture, cities, unquestioned church authority <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> q)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Thomas Aquinas, scholasticism <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> r)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Growth of trade and banking <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> s)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Creating of guilds <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> t)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">As Byz declines in 1450, west rises with import of printing press, gunpowder, and magnetic compass <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> u)  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Trade declines with Asia so they are forced to explore the New World with Spain and Portugal leading the way <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> v)   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Renaissance <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #1f497d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-themecolor: text2;"> Sources: Stearns, 5 Steps to a 5