Sudanic+empires+like+Mali,+Ghana+and+Songhay+Swahili+coast

 1. Sudanic States  ·  Constant trade brought Islamic goods and Islam to Ghana and Mali  -  This was devastating for Ghana because it was subjected to a Holy War led by an Islamic group  -  When Mali came to power the region already converted to Islam  -  Sahel- a point of exchange  -  Islam is fused with traditional beliefs  -  Used titles of emir or caliph  -  Islam widely accepted by ruling class but common people preferred to remain loyal to traditional polytheistic beliefs <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ghana (4th-11th century) <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Formed in 8th century <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Exchange of gold from the forest of west Africa for salt or dates from the Sahara or for goods from Mediterranean <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Almoravid armies invade Ghana from North Africa in 1076 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Mali (13th-15th century) <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Greatest ruler- Mansa Musa who built the capital at Timbuktu and expanded the kingdom beyond bounds of Ghana <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Musa went to Mecca in 1307, he brought back Arab scholars and new ideas <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Built mosques <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Econ: agriculturally based <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Dependent on gold-producing south <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Malinke merchants= juula <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Sundiata= Lion Prince <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Groits= professional oral historians <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibn Batuta- Arab traveler <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Songhai (15th-16th century) <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Largest empire in west Africa <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Founded in mid-fifteenth century <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ruler- Sonni Ali <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Lasted until 1600 C.E. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -   <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Timboktu became a major cultural center with a university, Jenne also became a major city <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Dominated Niger Valley <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Goa is another major city <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> -  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Muhammad the Great extended the boundaries in mid-16teenth century <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #1f497d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-themecolor: text2;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #1f497d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-themecolor: text2;">Sources: Stearns, Prinston, 5 Steps to a 5